Goji berry extract is a substance derived from goji berries, with the Latin scientific name Lycium barbarum L., and appears as a brownish-yellow powder. The main components are goji polysaccharides and betaine.
Goji polysaccharides (Lycium barbarum polysaccharides) are water-soluble polysaccharides. It is confirmed to be a proteoglycan with a molecular weight of 22-25 kDa, composed of six monosaccharides: arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and rhamnose. The polysaccharide content is available in concentrations of 20% and 50% (UV). It is a light yellow powder, hygroscopic, and soluble in water with no precipitate. Heavy metal indicators: As <1.0 ppm, Cd <2 ppm, Cr <1 ppm, Pb <2 ppm, Hg <0.5 ppm. Microbiological standards: bacterial count <1,000 CFU/g, Escherichia coli and live mites not detectable, mold count <100 CFU/g. Moisture loss upon drying: ≤9%.
Betaine has the molecular formula C₅H₁₁NO₂, a molecular weight of 117.15, CAS number 107-43-7, and a melting point of 301°C. Its water solubility is 160 g/100 mL. Pure betaine is a white, hygroscopic crystalline substance, neutral, with good stability and flowability. Betaine hydrochloride is a white hygroscopic powder or crystal, with a pH of 0.8 to 1.2. A 40% betaine powder appears light yellow, neutral, non-hygroscopic, and also exhibits good stability and flowability.
